「認識食品添加物」(頁 1) - 健康資訊 - 彌陀山莊

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2009-7-26 02:14 echoooo

「認識食品添加物」

「認識食品添加物」 
 
 
 回想一下我們每日所吃的食物，包括三餐、點心、零食等，加工食品是不是佔大多數？
 
根據調查，我們每天吃的加工食品佔總食物的百分之七、八十；這是現代工業化社會的趨勢。食品加工不是不好，有其必要性，可以將盛產的農產品加工保存，可以發展出多元化的產品（譬如黃豆可以製成豆漿、豆腐、醬油……），可以增加原料的再利用（例如以蘆筍皮做蘆筍汁）；但過度或不當的加工就會有問題。由於科技發達，創造發明了諸多的化學食品添加物，市售產品琳瑯滿目，色、香、味與質感的變化更加吸引消費者，不知不覺中我們吃進了許多的化學食品添加物，它會是人類健康的隱形殺手嗎？
 
無所不在的食品添加物
 
或許你會覺得添加物與我無關，我又不常吃垃圾食物、很少喝飲料，但事實是否跟你想像的一樣？讓我們來看看：
 
＊＊麵包、饅頭、包子要鬆軟好吃可能會加乳化劑、品質改良劑、膨鬆劑、香料。
 
＊＊米粉要白又要便宜，原料就會用玉米澱粉，在製作時可能會加漂白劑，又因其沒黏性，故在米粉製程中會加黏稠劑。
 
＊＊油脂萃取常使用溶劑（冷壓油就不用），為防止油脂氧化可能會加抗氧化劑。
 
＊＊為了讓油麵、涼麵又Q又防腐，可能會加硼砂。
 
＊＊為了讓香腸、火腿、臘肉、培根、板鴨能在室溫下存放，不須冷藏，並呈現鮮紅色澤，可能會加保色劑、防腐劑（亞硝酸鹽）。
 
＊＊魚丸、貢丸要Q有彈性，可能會加結著劑。
 
＊＊豆類製品（豆漿、豆腐、豆乾、素雞、豆干絲）為了防止在煮漿時泡泡溢出，常會加消泡劑；為了能在室溫下賣一整天不會壞，就要加防腐劑，也可能違法使用殺菌劑雙氧水。
 
＊＊洋菇、蓮藕、蓮子、百合為了能潔白，就會加漂白劑。
 
＊＊菜乾（金針乾、高麗菜乾、白木耳、竹笙）、果乾（柿乾、芒果乾、鳳梨乾）為了保持鮮豔的顏色，就會用二氧化硫（漂白劑）燻蒸。
 
＊＊為了使綠豆芽長得快、根短莖粗、白白胖胖、肥厚多汁，常會加化學賀爾蒙（低濃度的除草劑）。
 
＊＊蘿蔔乾、酸菜、榨菜、冬菜、越瓜脯，只曬一、兩天，水分還很多，卻不會壞，就要加防腐劑，要脆就要加品質改良劑、結著劑，要吃起來不鹹須加調味劑。
 
＊＊餅乾類產品要鬆，就要加膨鬆劑、品質改良劑、乳化劑。要香就要加香料，為加工方便所用的油可能是氫化油（含反式脂肪酸，易導致心血管疾病）。
 
＊＊蜜餞要保持鮮艷欲滴的顏色，就要先漂白，再染色，要能保存就要加防腐劑，要美味就要加人工甘味料（糖精、甜精）。
 
＊＊飲料中也可能有香料、色素、人工甘味料、品質改良劑，要有濃稠感（如芭樂汁）就要加黏稠劑。
 
因此，添加物在我們的生活中，幾乎是無所不在的。 
上面提到的防腐劑、漂白劑、乳化劑、黏稠劑、人工甘味劑、品質改良劑、色素、糖精……這些都是食品添加物。這麼多的加工食品，真的都會使用這麼多的食品添加物嗎？
 
食品添加物又是什麼？對我們的健康有影響嗎？
 
食品添加物是什麼？
廣義來說「食品添加物」在古時候就有了，以前為了保存動物性食物，會用醃、燻、風乾的方法。為了保存植物性食物，會用乾、泡、醃、醬的方法。會用紅花來染蛋，用紅麴來烹調紅色的肉類食物。要香就會用香辛料，新鮮的香辛料有蔥、薑、蒜、香菜等，乾燥的香辛料有五香粉、八角、花椒、桂花、紫蘇等。要鮮味會用香菇、海帶、黃豆芽熬湯。要Ｑ、脆就用人工捶、搗。
 
後來發現蔬果中的甜味、色素跟香氣是可以萃取的，於是又以天然物為原料，用人工的方法抽出其中的成分當食品添加物。逐漸地，天然物有限，不夠用了，成本又高，所以漸漸發展出低價、量大的化學合成品，這都是近百年來的事。尤其最近幾十年，隨著化學技術與化學工業的發達，食品添加物的開發更是進展神速，因為功效好，可以讓產品的色、香、味、質感更加吸引消費者，讓生產者的加工更方便，成本更降低，使得食品添加物的使用幾乎可用「氾濫」兩字來形容。 
 
為了方便管理，政府特別定義食品添加物，並依功能分成十七類（已有五百多種品目，並逐年增加中），訂定使用範圍及用量標準，以正面表列（positive list system）的方式積極管制，凡是表上沒列的均不准使用。對其品質純度制定「食品添加物規格標準」，納入食品衛生法中管理之。
 
根據食品衛生管理法第一章第三條規定，食品添加物的定義是：「本法所稱食品添加物係指食品之製造、加工、調配、包裝、運送、貯存等過程中，用以著色、調味、防腐、漂白、乳化、增加香味、安定品質、促進發酵、增加稠度、增加營養、防止氧化或其他用途而添加於食品或接觸於食品之物質。」因此，食品添加物有如下的特點：
 
1.食物中原本不存在，是為了某種目的特地加進去的。
 
2.不能單獨食用。
 
3.使用量很少，約為百分之一以下，常常只能有幾個ppm（百萬分之一，例如：一公斤食物加入千分之一公克的添加物為一ppm）。所以誤用時的影響很大，可能會高達一百到一千倍。
 
4.合法的食品添加物是要申請，經中央主管機關查驗登記，並發給許可證才可上市販賣使用。
 
食品添加物安全嗎？
食品添加物因為不是天然存在於食品中，而是另外製造添加進去的，對其毒性要特別顧慮，尤其是化學合成品；少部份天然品亦因化學處理，或多或少均有毒性，故必須限制其用量。允許的最高添加量是經過動物試驗（毒性試驗），若超量使用當然會危害健康。
 
食品添加物如同醫藥品，均是供人體攝取的化學製品。醫藥品的使用通常考慮使用人的條件，限於一定期間給藥，且可追蹤調查其對人體的有害作用；但食品添加物廣泛添加於各類食品中，供不特定的多數人食用，可能天天攝食或一輩子攝食，其安全性評估卻只靠動物試驗，使用後所造成的影響很難追蹤調查。
 
有些食品添加物中會有微量的不純物，這些不純物可能是在製造過程中所產生的副產物，也可能是原料中早就存在的，它們在處理者的疏忽中進入食品而產生強烈的毒性作用。隨著分析化學技術的進步，新的毒性可能陸續被發現，也使得食品添加物的管理工作，安全性評估面臨更多的課題與困擾。所以有些添加物曾經合法，但重新評估後被禁用，有些雖被允許使用，但仍有諸多的爭議。
 
加上一些不肖業者因貪圖方便，或因謀求利益，或因疏忽、無知，常不當使用合法食品添加物（超量或使用對象不對），甚至違法使用一些禁用的食品添加物。例如原料品質低劣，不新鮮，顏色風味變壞，就使用漂白劑漂白，再染色，加防腐劑、人工調味劑、化學合成香料，造成消費者健康上很大的危害。
 
附表列出一些毒性強，禁用，卻被違法使用，以及合法允用，但毒性及安全仍有疑慮者，供參考。
 
合法但安全上有疑慮的食品添加物   
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<TD bgColor=#d7dfb5 width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">使用食品舉例</TD>
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<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">去水醋酸鈉</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">乾酪、乳酪、奶油、人造奶油</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="44%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">具致畸胎性。</TD></TR>
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<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎粗圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">抗氧化劑</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%">BHA<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">、BHT</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">油脂、速食麵、口香糖、乳酪、奶油</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="44%">BHA<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">確定為致癌劑，BHT<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">有些研究顯示具有致癌性。</TD></TR>
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<TD bgColor=#fcffce rowSpan=2 width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎粗圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">人工甘味劑</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">糖精、甜精</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">蜜餞、瓜子、醃製醬菜、飲料</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="44%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">由動物試驗顯示，會致膀胱癌。</TD></TR>
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<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">飲料、口香糖、蜜餞、代糖糖包</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="44%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">眩暈，頭痛，癲癇，月經不順，損害嬰兒的代謝作用(<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">苯酮尿症者不可以食用)<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">。</TD></TR>
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<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎粗圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">保色劑</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">亞硝酸鹽</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">香腸、火腿、臘肉、培根、板鴨、魚干</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="44%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">與食品中的胺結合成致癌物質亞硝酸胺鹽。</TD></TR>
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<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎粗圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">漂白劑</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">亞硫酸鹽</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">蜜餞、脫水蔬果、金針、蝦、冰糖、新鮮蔬果沙拉、澱粉</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="44%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">可能引起蕁麻疹、氣喘、腹瀉、嘔吐，亦有氣喘患者致死案例。</TD></TR>
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<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎粗圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">人工合成色素</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">黃色四號</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">餅乾、糖果、油麵、醃黃蘿蔔、火腿、香腸、飲料</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="44%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">以石油工業產物──煤焦為原料合成，有害物質混入的機會很多，本身毒性強，有致癌性的隱憂，會引起蕁麻疹、氣喘、過敏。</TD></TR>
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<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎粗圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">殺菌劑</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">過氧化氫 (<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">雙氧水)</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">豆腐、豆干、素雞、麵腸、魚漿、肉漿製品、死雞肉(<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">漂白並除異味)</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="44%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">會刺激腸胃黏膜，吃多了可能引起頭痛、嘔吐，有致癌性。規定食物中不得殘留，不得作漂白劑。</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
 
非法食品添加物
 

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<TD bgColor=#d7dfb5 width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">類    別</TD>
<TD bgColor=#d7dfb5 width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">品    目</TD>
<TD bgColor=#d7dfb5 width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">使用食品舉例</TD>
<TD bgColor=#d7dfb5 width="44%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">對健康可能的影響</TD></TR>
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<TD bgColor=#fcffce rowSpan=3 width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎粗圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">以前合法現已禁用</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">溴酸鉀</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">使用於麵粉(<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">麵筋改良劑)</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="44%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">已確定有致癌性(<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">民國<SPAN style="LAYOUT-FLOW: horizontal; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 文鼎中圓; mso-tny-compress: yes; mso-text-combine-id: 2084855554; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang=EN-US>83<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">年正式禁用)<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">。</TD></TR>
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<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">甘精</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">蜜餞、飲料等<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 文鼎中圓; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang=EN-US>(<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">甜味劑<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 文鼎中圓; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang=EN-US>)</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="44%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">會傷害肝臟及消化道，致癌性已確定。</TD></TR>
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<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">色素紅色二號</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">糖果、飲料</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="44%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">有致癌作用(<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">民國<SPAN style="LAYOUT-FLOW: horizontal; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 文鼎中圓; mso-tny-compress: yes; mso-text-combine-id: 2084855552; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang=EN-US>64<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">年禁用，但<SPAN style="LAYOUT-FLOW: horizontal; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 文鼎中圓; mso-tny-compress: yes; mso-text-combine-id: 2084855553; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang=EN-US>73<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">年某些進口糖果、清涼飲料仍抽驗到) <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">。</TD></TR>
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<TD bgColor=#fcffce rowSpan=4 width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎粗圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">毒性強、一向禁用，但仍有業者違法使用</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">硼砂</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">年糕、油麵、油條、魚丸、碗粿、粽子、板條、火腿、芋圓、粉圓(<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">使<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 華康楷書體W5; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">Ｑ<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">、脆、具彈性、具保水、保存性)</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="44%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">硼砂吃下後，轉變為硼酸，積存體內達1~3<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">公克會急性中毒而嘔吐、腹瀉、虛脫、皮膚出現紅斑。超過<SPAN style="LAYOUT-FLOW: horizontal; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 文鼎中圓; mso-tny-compress: yes; mso-text-combine-id: 2084855555; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang=EN-US>20<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">公克腎臟可能萎縮，生命危險。</TD></TR>
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<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">吊白塊福馬林</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">本為工業用的漂白劑卻被使用於米粉、黃葡萄乾、麥芽糖、洋菇、蘿蔔乾等食品</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="44%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">殘留的甲醛易引起頭痛、眩暈、呼吸困難、嘔吐、消化作用阻害、眼睛受損。殘留的亞硫酸可能引起：蕁麻疹、氣喘、腹瀉、嘔吐，也有引起氣喘患者致死的案例。</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">奶油黃</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">酸菜、醃黃蘿蔔、麵條<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 文鼎中圓; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang=EN-US>(<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">工業用黃色色素<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 文鼎中圓; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang=EN-US>)</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="44%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">肝癌。</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="16%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">鹽基性芥黃</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="24%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">酸菜、醃黃蘿蔔、麵條(<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">工業用黃色色素)</TD>
<TD bgColor=#fcffce width="44%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎中圓; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">頭痛、心跳加快、意識不明。</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
 
資料來源：福智佛教基金會<IMG border=0 alt="" src="http://www.amituofohouse.org/images/smilies/roateSimle.gif" smilieid="58">

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